Wooden tools for foraging and hunting appear 400 ka in Europe 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, China 9 and possibly Africa 10. The earliest known wood artefact is a fragment of polished plank from the Acheulean site of Gesher Benot Ya’aqov, Israel, more than 780 ka (refs. This construction has no known parallels in the African or Eurasian Palaeolithic. Waterlogged deposits at the archaeological site of Kalambo Falls, Zambia, dated by luminescence to at least 476 ± 23 kyr ago (ka), preserved two interlocking logs joined transversely by an intentionally cut notch. We report here on the earliest evidence for structural use of wood in the archaeological record. ![]() ![]() Wood artefacts rarely survive from the Early Stone Age since they require exceptional conditions for preservation consequently, we have limited information about when and how hominins used this basic raw material 1.
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